Hohner guitar logos

Hohner never settled on a single logo for their guitars in the 50 years they were making them. But there were some that cropped up again and again. Here’s my attempt at a timeline of logos that appeared on headstocks – logos used on soundhole labels, packaging and promotional material will have to wait.

The Berkeley guitars were made for Hohner London, as M. Hohner Ltd styled themselves at the time. Best guess is that they were made in the late 1950s.

Around 1960, the Holiday archtop guitars were made for Hohner France. It does say Hohner on the headstock but this is the best photo I’ve found.

Around 1961, Hohner London had a series of solid body guitars made for them in England. This is a Zambesi. Other models include Amazon, Apache, Holborn and the Ambasso bass, which all had a similar logo or no maker logo at all.

For a lot of the 1960s and 1970s, no guitars were produced under the Hohner name – the company mostly used Contessa branding for guitars. This is an HG-670 12 string dated towards the end of the 1960s. It was probably made in Germany and the simple block logo is one that’s found on many other Hohner products such as accordions and harmonicas.

In the very late 1960s, the Bartell company made some basses for Hohner USA using this logo.

There are a number of Japanese made Hohners with this logo, usually Telecaster or Stratocaster copies. These could possibly be early 1970s. If they are, these would be the earliest examples of what is sometimes called the ‘teacup handle’ logo. This always has a scroll on the first H and, depending on the headstock shape, an extension or scroll on the R. Later examples were usually a solid colour (or inlay on expensive guitars) but these examples are always gold with a black border.

There’s still a lot to discover about what guitars Hohner were producing in the first half of the 1970s. The Contessa range seemed to consist mostly of acoustics, Where Hohner electrics have been dated to pre-1975, there’s usually little supporting evidence or the dating is based on a misinterpretation of a serial number.

One exception is this seemingly very rare Les Paul Custom copy. It’s been dated to around 1974/5 and that is plausible based on the use of the Gibson protected ‘open book’ headstock shape and ‘split diamond’ headstock inlay, which were long gone by 1976 when the better documented era of Hohner guitars started. That makes this the earliest dated appearance of the Hohner script logo which was heavily used for the next few years.

Sometime in the early 1970s, Hohner produced a run of guitars with a wooden ‘movie ticket’ style label under the soundhole which read “Hohner Limited Edition Series 1”. It would make sense for these to have been produced around 1974/5, except for the fact that one owner claims to have an original bill of sale from 1970. In any case, this is probably the first appearance of the vertical ‘teacup handle’ logo which adorned higher end Hohner acoustics and archtops into the 21st century. Known model numbers in Series 1 include the HG-210, HG-220 and HG-230 (not to be confused with later guitars re-using the same model numbers).

Around 1975, Hohner started expanding their range of guitars under the Hohner brand. Amongst the acoustic guitars, the HG-300 series, HG-700 series, and HG-900 series guitars exclusively used the teacup handle logo. The exception is that some HG-320 guitars have the plain logo seen in the middle of the above picture. These could be very early models – dating Hohner acoustics is difficult unless the soundhole label is date stamped, which happens erratically. The other two guitars above are also HG-320 models and you can see that the one on the right has a longer logo extending beyond the tuning pegs.

Some other models outside those series also used the teacup handle logo – HG-26, HG-512, HG-07 and HG-07E.

The remaining acoustic guitars in the range used a script font. Often these were folk guitars rather than dreadnoughts and had been carried over from the Contessa range, which used a similar font and placement for the logo. But there are exceptions. The picture above shows an HG-200, which is a dreadnought but one that had a Contessa equivalent model. Sometimes models that started with a script logo have been seen with the teacup handle logo. Production moved factories and even countries (to Korea) in the life of these guitars and the logo change may be indicative of that.

Hohner also expanded their electric range in the second half of the 1970s. High end models – HG-460, HG-470, HG-480 – got the teacup logo. The HG-800 series (electric archtop) also used the teacup logo.

The most famous Hohner of all is the HG-490. This was a version of the HS Anderson HS-1. The Moridaira factory, who made the HS Anderson guitars, produced a limited quantity for Hohner with their logo. One of those found its way into Prince’s hands and became his favourite guitar. This is a horizontal variation of the teacup handle logo, possibly the first to have the curve and use a large font – a variation that would become more common.

The Les Paul and SG copies in the range used the script logo seen on the contemporary acoustics. Above is an HG-430LP.

The Fender copies used a dark pearloid version of the script logo. This is from an HG-425 Telecaster copy.

This is an HG-455PB bass.

The budget Telecaster-ish HG-420 had a gold with black border version of the script logo.

By the early 1980s, Telecaster and Stratocaster copies were using a bold black version of the teacup handle logo first seen on the HG-490. Above is an MS35 (UK designation). Les Paul and SG copies used the same script logo as before.

In the early 1980s, Moridaira made a through neck guitar and bass for Hohner which had inlaid teacup logos with a concave curve. The IG786 bass version is pictured.

When production of electric guitars moved to Korea, a small number of Stratocaster and Telecaster copies were made with a very small version of the straight horizontal teacup but with a more exaggerated scroll on the R.

When these guitars became the Arbor Series, the logo was retained but made considerably larger.

The Les Paul version of the Arbor series used a similar logo in a different layout.

In 1985, Hohner introduced the Hohner Professional logo, initially for the Korean made B2 headless bass guitar. So technically not a headstock logo as the guitar didn’t have a headstock. This logo was used on the G2/G3 headless guitars and ‘The Jack’ bass which had a more traditional body shape but still no headstock.

The Hohner Professional range soon added many other models. The core of the range for many years were the “ST” Stratocaster type models, the “L” Les Paul type models and the “TE” Telecaster type models. For several years the range also included interestingly shaped and coloured guitars with names like Devil and Heavy, because it was the 1980s.

Early L59 models (up to the late 1980s?) had a very intricate inlay under the logo.

A small side quest

One of the guitars introduced into the Hohner Professional range in 1985 was the TE Prinz. This was a copy of the very rare Hohner HG-490, since made famous by Prince. Hohner made versions of this guitar on and off for the next 25 years.

A reminder of what the 1978-ish original HG-490 looked like.

In 1985, Hohner added the model TE PRINZ to their Professional range. For the next few years, it had the Hohner Professional logo and “The Prinz” on the headstock.

There are at least a couple of these guitars, one owned by Wendy Melvoin formerly of Prince’s band The Revolution, which just have the Hohner Professional logo and at a different angle to the others. It’s not clear if these are the very earliest production models or ones made when Hohner were nervous about Prince’s lawyers.

There’s even one TE PRINZ (or is it?) with an authentic looking body but with a Strat style headstock with this logo. The wavy HOHNER is common on keyboard products and packaging but not often (ever?) seen on guitars.

In the 1990s, Hohner reissued the TE PRINZ but with a different shaped headstock which now actually says TE Prinz.

In 2008, Hohner reissued the Prince guitar again as the HTA-490 Hohner The Artist. The headstock changed shape again but did have a beautiful inlaid logo reminiscent of the original HG-490.

Also in 2008, Hohner sold a limited run of the Hohner The Artist Elite Black Prince guitar, which were made by a Czech luthier.

So there we are, the still not completely understood history of Hohner and Prince told through the medium of headstock logos.

Back to the timeline

Later L59 models had a more basic inlay under the logo.

The B Bass models didn’t have room on the headstock for the full logo so they used an H …

… and put the logo on the body.

Meanwhile, the HMW series of acoustics (and other acoustic models) had started using a gold block logo again. This is an HMW400.

Sometimes they also added “Established in 1857”. This is also an HMW400.

Austrian musician Falco had a signature bass around 1988-91 which had a unique logo.

In the early 1990s, the Revelation series of guitars were developed by a division of Hohner calling itself Hohner Guitar Research. These guitars had the company logo on the truss rod cover.

The logo was often just impressed in black-on-black and was sometimes accompanied by “Guitar Research”.

The SE 400 was a Super Jazzline guitar introduced into the Hohner Professional range in 1992.

Somewhere around 1998, the SE 400 was dropped and the HS 40 introduced. It was basically the same specifications and still called the Super Jazzline but it now had a cursive script logo. The HS 40 went though a few variations after that but the logo stayed the same.

In the late 1990s, the Caribbean Pearl series featured some very blingy finishes and the cursive script logo.

Here’s a slightly more legible (if not any less blingy) logo.

The Classic City series of guitars used the same cursive script logo. This is a Hohner Birmingham.

This is a Reno, The other models were Springfield and Baton Rouge.

The HRB DLX was a 2003 Korean made bass.

Love Saves The Day pt 5

Larry Levan and Frankie Knuckles had been friends since their teens – they met through Harlem’s ball culture (later celebrated in Paris Is Burning), were members at The Loft, decorators at The Gallery and DJs at various gay venues. Larry was the more successful DJ to begin with and became resident at huge new club in 1977. Calling it Garage (which is what is was) was a bit too prosaic so they called it Paradise Garage.

The sound system was loud and bass heavy. Among the soul, R&B and disco, there was still room for a more eclectic choice as long as it had bass and a groove.

Paradise Garage was intended to attract gay white clubbers but, at least initially, the audience was largely black, especially on a Friday night. Sylvester would have appealed to both crowds, and still does.

While Larry Levan was getting established at Paradise Garage (and eventually birthing a genre known simply as Garage), his friend Frankie Knuckles had moved to Chicago and was creating a scene at a club called Warehouse. Tending to stay away from more mainstream disco, Frankie drew from older disco (Philly and Salsoul), deeper R&B, electro and, eventually, hip hop sounds to create a distinct style – Warehouse music or simply ‘house music.

According to Love Saves The Day, a local record shop started displaying the tracks Frankie Knuckles was playing at seminal Chicago club Warehouse in the section “House Music” and that’s where the term originated. A couple of years later, Knuckles would be a key figure in the development of the Chicago House sound.

We end where we started, with David Mancuso and his eclectic music selection at The Loft. Having started in 1970, The Loft was still partying in 1979. In fact it was still running 46 years on in 2016 when Mancuso died. Here’s one of the “manifesto” track titles he loved so much.

Love Saves The Day pt 4

The original Loft had been forced to close in 1973 and it took David Mancuso 18 months to find and set up a new venue. Other clubs, like The Gallery took full advantage of that time away so it took a little while for the new Loft to find its feet. The music policy was still thoroughly eclectic.

A set by Mancuso at the Loft had a definite structure. The sound system had always aimed for hifi quality and, as it improved even more, he added a prelude section, which might include classical music or Pink Floyd. That led into the intro section, which started to pick up the pace. This became one of the signature intro records. and the title was also an aspiration for the venue itself.

Disco had primarily evolved from soul and funk but European producers started to introduce more electronic instruments and the Motorik beat that bands like Kraftwerk used. Eurodisco was born and threatened to take over the white gay and midtown upscale discos. Nicky Siano would have been caning this at Gallery and Studio 54 in 1977.

Other clubs and DJs came and went but Mancuso and The Loft were always there and turning on a new generation to the downtown underground vibe. Here’s a prime cut from 1977.

Love Saves The Day pt 3

Love Saves The Day book cover

I read the rather excellent book Love Saves The Day: A History Of American Dance Music Culture 1970-1979 by Tim Lawrence last year. Scattered throughout it are representative playlists of the music particular DJs would have played at a specific club in a specific year. While I was reading it, I bored people with snippets of information about the DJs and clubs and Youtube videos of some of the musical gems. I thought I’d collect these together and expand the text a little in order to bore a wider audience.

Part 1 : Part 2 : Part 3 : Part 4 : Part 5

In part 3, we find ourselves in the mid 1970s as the pioneering clubs are starting to be replaced by a new wave of bigger and more mainstream venues.

Flamingo was opened in Manhattan in 1974 by Michael Fesco, who had been running successful venues on Fire Island for the last few summers. Flamingo was very white and very gay – unlike the mixed (in both senses) clubs that had pioneered disco in Manhattan. The theatrical presentation and carefully-controlled exclusivity helped keep Flamingo at the forefront the Manhattan gay scene for the rest of the decade. The opening night DJ was Armando Galvez and this was in his record crate at the time. But honestly, I was just looking for an excuse to play some Disco-Tex And The Sex-O-Lettes.

12 West was the hottest new disco of 1975 and yet another club which paid homage to The Loft. But where David Mancuso’s club The Loft avoided labels (“The Loft wasn’t gay. The Loft wasn’t anything.- David DePino”), 12 West definitely catered to a gay crowd and especially the S&M subculture. Resident DJ Tom Savarese would be voted both New York and National DJ of the year in the next couple of years. Betty Wright’s “Where Is The Love” was one of the hottest songs in this period, becoming a mainstream hit in the UK and winning a Grammy for Best Rhythm & Blues Song.

For various reasons, Walter Gibbons was never an acclaimed DJ but he was highly respected by the other DJs. He would take two copies of a track with a great drum break and seamlessly mix between them to extend the break up to five or ten minutes. Hip hop DJs such as Kool Herc were starting to do the same thing in the Bronx, but John Jellybean Benitez, who saw them both at work, thought Walter was far superior. Gibbons was also a great remixer and has the honour of creating the first track to be commercially released on 12″, “Ten Percent” by Double Exposure on Salsoul records. Previous 12″ singles had been DJ promo only.

Tom Savarese was replaced as resident at 12 West by Boston DJ Jimmy Stuard, who was great friends with top remixer Tom Moulton. So when Moulton produced a 19 minute “work in progress” acetate remix of Disco Inferno, it was to Stuard, and only Stuard, that he gave it to play. Moulton knew it was too long to release so he cut it down to under 11 minutes. That version became a club staple, was on The Trammps album and found its way in full onto the Saturday Night Fever soundtrack. The 19 minute version is still unreleased.

Sadly, Jimmy Stuard was in the habit of using the Everard Baths as a cheap place to sleep – DJ sleeping hours matching nicely the down time at a gay bathhouse – and died in the 1977 fire there which killed nine men in total.

[You can listen to the music from all the Love Saves The Day posts on this Youtube playlist.]

Frank Zappa in Eastern Europe, 1991

Frank Zappa

Featured image: Zappa in 1971 by Heinrich Klaffs

It’s just been announced that Alex Winter (of Bill & Ted notoriety) has finished his documentary Zappa, which was made with full access to the contents of the Zappa family vault.

Alex Winter’s Frank Zappa Doc ‘Zappa’ Premieres at South by Southwest

The premiere is at SxSW in March so I don’t know what’s in the film, but I’m hoping it will cover at least some of his summer sojourn in Eastern Europe in 1991. Within the space of a week, Frank attended celebrations of the withdrawal of the Soviet Army in two capital cities – Prague in Czechoslovakia, and Budapest in Hungary – and played with local bands at events in both cities. These turned out to be his last public musical performances.

The invitations didn’t come out of the blue. Zappa’s music was massively inspirational to the artistic underground in Czechoslovakia and that had led to a visit the previous year when he met the new President Vaclav Havel and was made a consultant to the government in matters of trade, tourism and cultural exchange. This was a serious enough appointment that he registered with the US government as an agent of a foreign power (you can imagine the smile on his face when he filled in that form). The Americans soon pressured the Czechs into dropping him – the wife of US Secretary Of State James Baker was one of the founders of the PMRC (Parent’s Music Resource Council) with whom Zappa had had a number of run ins during the Obscenity Wars of the 1980s – but he was still held in high regard in Prague.

Frank Zappa and Vaclav Havel
Frank Zappa and Vaclav Havel

He was invited to attend the presidential election in summer 1990 but declined. He did however accept an invitation to the celebrations marking the withdrawal of the Soviet Army, which had been in Czechoslovakia ‘temporarily’ for 23 years. The withdrawal had been delicately negotiated in large part by Michael Kocab, a musician and composer who was an acquaintance of Frank and was now also a member of the Czechoslovak government. Zappa then went on to similar celebrations in Budapest, having been invited by the city’s Mayor Gábor Demszky with whom he’d had lunch in Los Angeles back in April. Frank was apparently particularly amused that Gabor was going to see Ronald Reagan next.

The problem about playing guitar at these events, as was being expected of him, was that Zappa’s last tour had been in 1988 and had ended prematurely and acrimoniously (why is a tangent too far for this post, but it’s explained in Frank’s own words here). As a result, as he told the Budapest audience:

“At the end of the tour, I put my guitar in its case and I haven’t seen it since then”.

He’d been working on composition (including his last major work Civilization Phaze III, and the orchestral pieces that were released as The Yellow Shark a month before he died in 1993) and generally avoiding musicians, who he saw as an expensive complication to the process of making music. He told an interviewer just before he left for Europe:

[…] they want me to bring my guitar over and play. And I haven’t touched it for years. I don’t have any calluses! I don’t know what to do with that fucking thing. And if I don’t take it along with me I know a lot of people will be disappointed, but I know if I plug it in they’re going to be even more disappointed, [laughs] ’cause I can’t play anymore.

The celebration in Prague was on 24th June 1991 and included a concert by Pražský VýbÄ›r in the Sports Hall in Prague. Pražský VýbÄ›r had also been a symbol of resistance to the Communist authorities having been banned and, in some individual cases, imprisoned during the 1980s. They were led by Michael Kocab, moonlighting from his government minister job, and featured Michal Pavlicek on lead guitar. I’m not sure if Frank had heard any of the band’s music before but he was familiar with Kocab’s solo compositions such as the ballet score Odysseus. Anyway he tied back his hair, slowly pushed their jazz reggae vibe in the right direction and played some pretty good guitar on that well-known track, “Improvisation in A Major”. The back and forth guitar with Michal Pavlicek is particularly enjoyable.

Despite the title of the Youtube clip, Prague wasn’t his last performance. That came 6 days later on 30th June at the Búcsú (Farewell) Fesztivál in Tabán, a district of Buda which had a park often used for large events.

This time he played with a band containing some of Hungary’s leading jazz musicians – Gyula Babos on guitar, János Egri on bass, Béla “Szakcsi” Lakatos on keyboards, and Imre KÅ‘szegi on drums – referred to as the Gypsy Friends. Jazz had always been a much more acceptable form of expression in the Eastern European Communist countries than rock music. Being a gypsy was, however, not as acceptable. The Roma had been treated as a source of unskilled labour by the Communist regime in Hungary and when the industries that needed that labour collapsed along with Communism, they found themselves out of work and subject to the old prejudices. Was Frank making a statement by giving the band that name? Mayor Demszky Gábor, now acting as translator, certainly seems momentarily surprised, as if he’s not sure what the rules are any more.

While you can argue endlessly (and people have) about whether Zappa played jazz, it seems fair to say he was ambivalent about it – that same month he’d released an album of instrumentals compiled from the 1988 tour recordings called Make A Jazz Noise Here. But he seems to genuinely enjoy playing with the musicians, who he’d only met the day before and had had a one song rehearsal with that morning. He gives them lots of space to do their thing and then jumps in when he sees fit. Or more precisely, kneels down since he plays the last few solos squatting. I wonder if he was having trouble hearing his guitar and wanted to get nearer the speaker cabinet?

The day after the Budapest concert, the leaders of the Warsaw Pact member countries met in Prague to complete the dissolution of the organization by shutting down its Political Consultative Committee. The Cold War was effectively over.

What only his family knew at the time was that Frank Zappa was dying, having been diagnosed with inoperable prostate cancer the previous year. He made it to the Frankfurt Festival in September 1992 to conduct the Ensemble Modern on some of the pieces which became The Yellow Shark, but was too ill to even attend the remaining concerts in Berlin and Austria. He died on December 5th 1993 and was buried the following day in an unmarked grave.

Budapest thus became his final public performance as a musician.

Useful sources:
wiki.killuglyradio.com – A fascinating interview given as Frank was about to leave for Europe
books.google.co.ukFrank Zappa by Barry Miles, especially chapter 20

Love Saves The Day pt 2

Love Saves The Day book cover

[You can listen to the music from all the Love Saves The Day posts on this Youtube playlist.]

I read the rather excellent book Love Saves The Day: A History Of American Dance Music Culture 1970-1979 by Tim Lawrence last year. Scattered throughout it are representative playlists of the music particular DJs would have played at a specific club in a specific year. While I was reading it, I bored people with snippets of information about the DJs and clubs and Youtube videos of some of the musical gems. I thought I’d collect these together and expand the text a little in order to bore a wider audience.

Part 1 : Part 2 : Part 3 : Part 4 : Part 5

The Loft is so central to this story that the whole book is named after the first of the invite-only parties David Mancuso held at his Broadway home.

Mancuso had been holding Leary-inspired (Timothy rather than Denis) gatherings for friends at his loft since the mid sixties. These had eventually turned into dance parties and he accumulated enough audio gear to fill the formerly industrial space with quality sound. After a break in 1969 to, in his own words, “go on a monk trip”, Mancuso resumed the dance parties. The first attempts were typical open rent parties – they were called Coalition and run with a couple of collaborators including a DJ – but they didn’t really work out.

So in early 1970 Mancuso took back control, including of the music, and sent out invites for a private party called Loves Save the Day – the name was inspired by proximity to Valentines Day and his former fondness for psychedelics. The parties had names but the venue didn’t, it was just Mancuso’s home. Eventually people started calling it The Loft and the name stuck.

The 1972 solo track Girl You Need A Change Of Mind from The Temptations singer Eddie Kendricks was a favourite of David Mancuso at The Loft and was picked up by a lot of other DJs as a result.

By the end of 1970, the Loft parties were at capacity and stayed that way for years. The door charge was only two dollars at first and there was no alcohol, or indeed anything else, for sale inside. But there was free food – organic and fresh, in line with Mancuso’s now clean living habits. And there was simple but effective decor including balloons – lots of balloons – streamers and powerful floodlights. The Loft was recreated to great effect in epsiode 5 of David ‘The Wire’ Simon’s recent series The Deuce – the DJ was the spitting image of David Mancuso although the name was never mentioned.

The Loft was David Mancuso’s home so the only event of the week was the Saturday night invite-only party. During the early part of most week, he would spend time in Woodstock in upstate New York before coming back on Wednesday to start preparations for the next party. Maybe that’s why he was so fond of this track by War called ‘City Country City’.

Nicky Siano was still at high school when he first went to The Loft. He also has the distinction of being thrown out by Mancuso for selling drugs – selling was strictly forbidden even if using was an accepted part of the night. Nicky got his start DJing at the Round Table, a mob-run cabaret club with a gay clientele. By February 1973, when he was still only 17, Siano opened The Gallery, a club very much based on the Mancuso template – mixed crowd, balloons and streamers, free refreshments.

The Gallery started slowly but when The Loft took a break for the summer, it attracted a lot of the refugees and soon became the most happening night in Manhattan. If The Loft was the home of the tripped out dancer, The Gallery was the home of the dancing queen. Meanwhile in Philadelphia, the disco sound – ‘four on the floor’ bass drum and sweeping strings – was being invented. The Love I Lost by Harold Melvin & The Bluenotes on Philadelphia International Records is a prime example. The elements for disco were falling into place.

The Gallery made Nicky Siano the first star DJ. He also became mentor to Larry Levan and Frankie Knuckles, who would be so influential that their clubs provided the names for genres of dance music – garage at Levan’s Paradise Garage and house at Knuckles’ Warehouse. But back in 1973, Frankie was the best balloon inflater at the Gallery and his friend Larry helped out and became Siano’s lieutenant and lover.

Siano was also one of the first residents at Studio 54 when it opened in April 1977, DJing on the nights when he wasn’t at The Gallery. Studio 54, which actually was a former CBS studio on West 54th St, was the culmination of seven years of growth in the club scene. But it was also a club that promoted spectacle over music. That didn’t stop it being a massive success.

Siano’s drug habits eventually got so bad that he was sacked from Studio 54, although that might have been as much to do with perceived DJing sins such as playing Kraftwerk’s Trance Europe Express before it was popular. But his partner at the Gallery, his own brother, also gave him an ultimatum – give up the drugs or I close the club. The Gallery closed in late 1977.

This track is from The Gallery’s heyday.

Ashford Traveller – double vs single drive

I mentioned earlier that this was a double drive model. It will actually operate as single or double drive. Here’s what that means.

The drive belt (special string, but string nonetheless) goes around the wheel twice. In double drive mode, one loop is on the bobbin and one is on the flyer pulley. So the bobbin and flyer are both driven directly, hence double drive.

You can see that there is a second groove on the flyer pulley. This allows a different drive ratio to be used. All this movement of the belt changes the tension but there’s a cunning knob and hinge arrangement to retension it.

In single drive mode, both loops go around the bobbin. A brake band (transparent so hard to see, but it has springs at each end to ensure tension which may be easier to spot) is put onto the flyer pulley to stop it turning. Only the bobbin is driven, hence single drive.

Specifically this is “bobbin lead” or Irish Tension single drive. Alternatively, you can single drive the flyer pulley and brake the bobbin. That would be “flyer lead” or Scotch Tension single drive.

Ashford Traveller – 4

No work on this yesterday because I was busy with other things. So a big push now to get it ready for tomorrow. There was more wax polish left in the tin than I’d thought so everything has had a second coat and, in a few cases, a third.

The first parts to be put together make up the flyer assembly. The flyer is the U shaped piece holding the bobbin. The base it all sits on (with the Ashford logo) is called the maiden board – I have no idea why.
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Ashford Traveller – 3

A milestone – everything is now sanded, waxed and buffed. You can still see the variation in colour, expecially in those legs (top centre). About three quarters of the tin of polish has been used. The next step is to figure out which bits will be difficult to get at once it’s asssembled and give those areas a second application.

Ashford Traveller – 2

The spinning wheel is made almost entirely out of New Zealand silver beech. It’s finished to a very high standard so all that’s needed is a light sanding with the supplied sandpaper, concentrating especially on cut ends, grooves and sockets which tend to be slightly rougher. If you were using an oil or varnish rather than a wax, you might need to treat it differently.
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